Indian private space-tech company Pixxel has launched India’s first private satellite constellation, "Firefly." The first three satellites of the Firefly constellation were successfully deployed aboard SpaceX’s Transporter-12 mission from Vandenberg Space Force Base in California.
Firefly is Pixxel's flagship hyperspectral imaging (HSI) satellite constellation, consisting of six of the highest-resolution commercial hyperspectral satellites to date.
About Hyperspectral Imaging (HSI) Satellites: HSI satellites capture a broad spectrum of light, rather than simply assigning primary colors (red, green, blue) to each pixel. This allows for a more detailed spectral “fingerprint” of the Earth. HSI satellites provide deeper insights into the imaged area. For example, while a standard satellite might identify a forest, an HSI satellite can distinguish between different tree species and assess the health of each individual tree.
About Satellite Constellations: A satellite constellation is a network of identical satellites that share a common purpose and control, working together as a system. These satellites communicate with global ground stations and, in some cases, interconnect to enhance each other’s functionality. Starlink, with 2,146 active satellites, is the largest satellite constellation in operation.
Types of Satellite Orbits:
- Geostationary Orbit (GEO): Positioned at an altitude of 36,000 km, these satellites synchronize with Earth's rotation.
- Medium Earth Orbit (MEO): Located between 5,000 to 20,000 km, MEO satellites are typically used for navigation.
- Low Earth Orbit (LEO): Operating at altitudes between 500 to 1,200 km, LEO satellites are primarily used for research, telecommunications, and Earth observation.