HPV (Human Papillomavirus) is a group of more than 200 related viruses that can infect the skin and mucous membranes, such as those in the genital area, throat, and mouth. It's one of the most common viral infections worldwide, with certain types being sexually transmitted. HPV infections can cause a variety of health problems, including warts and, in some cases, cancer.
Types of HPV
HPV can be divided into low-risk and high-risk types:
Low-risk HPV types (such as HPV 6 and HPV 11):
- These types are usually associated with non-cancerous conditions like genital warts and warts on the hands and feet.
- They can also cause respiratory papillomatosis, which leads to warts in the airways.
High-risk HPV types (such as HPV 16 and HPV 18):
- These types are linked to various types of cancers, including:
- Cervical cancer (most common, especially types 16 and 18)
- Anal cancer
- Throat cancer (or oropharyngeal cancer)
- Penile and vulvar cancers
- These types are linked to various types of cancers, including:
Transmission
HPV is typically transmitted through skin-to-skin contact. The most common mode of transmission is sexual contact, including vaginal, anal, and oral sex. In some cases, HPV can also be passed from mother to child during childbirth.
Symptoms and Health Risks
- Genital warts: Small growths or lumps that appear on the genital, anal, or mouth areas.
- Cervical dysplasia: Changes to the cells on the cervix that can lead to cervical cancer if untreated.
- Cancer: Persistent infection with high-risk HPV can cause changes in cells, leading to cancer, particularly of the cervix, anus, throat, or penis.
Prevention
HPV Vaccination: Vaccines like Gardasil and Cervarix protect against the most common high-risk HPV types that cause cancer and the types that cause genital warts. It's recommended for both boys and girls around the age of 11 or 12 (but can be administered up to age 26, or older in some cases).
Condom Use: While condoms do not provide complete protection, they can reduce the risk of transmission of HPV and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs).
Regular Screenings:
