Key messages
* The global NCD policy of WHO, a policy that focuses on strategic NCDs, is well established, and
the role of government efforts depends on the disease burden; on health and non-health sector
capacity, priorities, and resources; and on the policy environment.
* Many opportunities for NCD prevention and control are available and affordable. Feasible
* Both prevention and treatment of NCDs are needed. The challenge is determining the strategic mix with the goal of keeping those people at low or moderate risk from becoming high risk through population-level reduction of risk factors (prevention); and to keep those at high risk from developing disease-related complications and disability through individual clinic-based
efforts (treatment).
* For population-based interventions, one study of 23 low- and middle-income countries
estimated that, if tobacco control measures and salt interventions were implemented together,
13.8 million deaths could be averted, at a cost of less than US$0.40 per person a year in lowincome and lower middle-income countries.
* For individual-based interventions, one study of the same 23 countries showed that, over
10 years, scaling up a multidrug regimen could avert 17.9 million deaths from CVD. The 10-year
average annual cost per head would be US$1.08, ranging from US$0.43–0.90 in low-income
countries to US$0.54–2.93 in middle-income countries.
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