Country-level Aging and Disease Burden(cont...)

Bangladesh

Bangladesh is in the early stages of the demographic transition, which is expected to advance in the future (Figure 2.2). The proportion of the population 65 years and older will move from 4.5 percent in 2000 to 6.6 percent in 2025.

Figure 2.2 Age structure in Bangladesh, 2000 and 2025 .

Source: U.S Census Bureau. www.census.gov/ipc, accessed July 1, 2010.

In 2004, NCDs account for 61 percent of the forgone DALYs, with the remainder from communicable diseases and MCH issues. Of the total DALY burden, CVD accounts for 13.4 percent, mental health 11.2 percent, cancer 3.9 percent, respiratory diseases 4.0 percent, diabetes 1.2 percent, and injuries 10.7 percent.

* CVD:

Estimated to be the main cause in 25.1 percent of deaths and is projected to be the main

cause in 37.2 percent of deaths in 2030. IHD is the leading cause of death and is responsible for

12 percent of all mortality while cerebrovascular disease (or stroke) is the sixth leading cause of

death (in 2005).

* Diabetes:

The prevalence is estimated to be 6.9 percent (7.5 percent male and 6.5 percent female). Urban-area studies find higher prevalence than in rural areas (urban approximately 8–10 percent).

* Cancer:

This causes 7.5 percent of deaths; 70.7 percent of all cancer deaths were among men in

2008. By 2030, cancer deaths are projected to constitute 12.7 percent of the total. Among men,

the leading cancer is mouth/oropharynx, followed by lung, and then esophagus; for women,

mouth/oropharynx cancer is followed by cervical and breast cancer.

* Asthma and respiratory diseases:

A small national sample estimated 6.9 percent prevalence of asthma. For those over 30 years, the estimated prevalence of COPD is about 3 percent. Nearly 90 percent of the population use solid fuels, including biomass such as dung and wood or coal for routine cooking and heating. In 2002, the disease burden due to indoor air pollution related to solid fuel caused some 46,000 deaths, of which 13,620 were from COPD and an estimated 32,330 from acute lower respiratory infection in children under the age of 5 years.

* Hypertension:

Approximately 25 percent of slum dwelling women and 38 percent of non-slum

women had hypertension compared to 18 percent and 25 percent among men, respectively.

* Injuries:

Road traffic injuries are the most common cause of serious injuries among men (40–

45 percent among urban men). The leading cause of injury-related death among children (1–17

years) is drowning (59.3 percent) followed by road traffic accidents (12.3 percent). Among

women, 57 percent reported serious injuries due to domestic accidents, including domestic

violence.

* Smoking:

Prevalence is higher than in other South Asian countries (males 47 percent, females 4

percent) while smoking prevalence among youth is similar (boys 9 percent, girls 5 percent).