Tuesday, June 19, 2018

UPSC preliminary MCQ'S 2019 Part 13


With reference to the 'Potassium Bromate,' recently in news due its banning in India, which of the following statements is/are correct?
1. It is carcinogenic
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2. India is the first country which has banned it.
3. It was extensively used in baking industry.
Select the correct answer using the codes given below.
a) 1, 2 and 3
b) 1 and 2 only
c) 2 and 3 only
d) 1 and 3 only
Correct Answer: D
Explanation
*The Union Government has banned use of potassium bromate as a food additive as it is
carcinogenic.
*FSSAI had recommended the Health Ministry to remove potassium bromate from the list of
permissible food additives after a study by the Centre for Science and Environment (CSE) found
out that it is widely prevalent in bread and refined flour.
*It is added to aid baking process as it strengthens the bread dough in order to raise it higher.
*Many countries including Japan, China, Australia and UK etc. have banned it.
TIKDAM: If one knows the meaning of 'Carcinogenic' then it must have known that they cause
cancer. Therefore, there are very less chances that India was the first country which banned the
use of the 'Potassium Bromate'.(due to reasons like red-tapism). It is kind of guess but it gave
you correct answer i.e. option (d) which is the only option without statement 2.



Which of the following microbes can develop the ability of Antimicrobial resistance (AMR)?
1. Fungi
2. Virus
3. Bacteria
Select the correct answer using the codes given below.
a) 1 and 2 only
b) 2 and 3 only
c) 1 and 3 only
d) 1, 2 and 3
Correct Answer: D
Explanation
*Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is the ability of a microbe to resist the effects of medication
previously used to treat them.
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*This broader term also covers antibiotic resistance, which applies to bacteria and antibiotics.
*Resistance arises through one of three ways: natural resistance in certain types of bacteria,
genetic mutation, or by one species acquiring resistance from another.
*Microbes resistant to multiple antimicrobials are called multidrug resistant (MDR); or
sometimes superbugs.
*All classes of microbes develop resistance: fungi develop antifungal resistance, viruses develop
antiviral resistance, protozoa develop antiprotozoal resistance, and bacteria develop antibiotic
resistance.



Consider the following sub-disciplines of biotechnology:
1. Blue biotechnology: Marine environment
2. White biotechnology: Industrial processes
3. Red biotechnology: Medical processes
Which of the above sub-disciplines are correctly matched with their related terms?
a) 1 and 2 only
b) 1 only
c) 2 only
d) 1, 2 and 3
Correct Answer: D
Explanation
Biotechnology is the use of biological processes, organisms, or systems to manufacture
products intended to improve the quality of human life. The science of biotechnology can be
broken down into sub-disciplines called red, white, green, and blue
Red biotechnology: It involves medical processes such as getting organisms to produce new
drugs, or using stem cells to regenerate damaged human tissues and perhaps re-grow entire
organs.
White (also called gray) biotechnology: It involves industrial processes such as the production
of new chemicals or the development of new fuels for vehicles.
Green biotechnology: It applies to agriculture and involves such processes as the development
of pest-resistant crops or the accelerated evolution of disease-resistant animals.
Blue biotechnology: It encompasses processes in marine and aquatic environments, such as
controlling the proliferation of noxious water-borne organisms.
TIKDAM: 'Blue' color generally represents water. Therefore, we can easily guess 3rd subdiscipline
is correctly matched. And in this way, we get our correct option (c), the only option
with 3.
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