2. Shivaji was born to Jijabai in the hill fortress of Shivner in Poona in 1627.
3. Apart from Jijabai, the two people who influenced the life of Shivaji were Dadaji Kondev and Guru Ramdas. Shivaji gave him the Jagir of Poona.
4. He first captured Torna, in 1646. With the booty he build the fort of Raigarh.
5. In the next two years, he conquered Chakan, Kondana and Purandhar.
6. Ali Adil Shah, sultan of Bijapur sent Afzal Khan to teach Shivaji a lesson in 1659. After much fighting, both sides agreed to negotiate. In this famous meeting Shivaji killed Afzal Khan with his tiger claws.
7. Shaista Khan, the viceroy of Mughal Deccan was sent by Aurangzeb in 1660 to strike at Maratha territories. The war continued till 1663. On April 14, 1663 Shivaji carried out a very daring night attack on the camp of Shaista Khan. Shaishta Khan was injured and fightened. Aurangzeb had him transferred to Bengal as punishment.
8. In 1664, Shivaji sacked the rich port town of Surat for the first time.
9. Aurangzeb sent Mirza Raja Jai singh and Diler Khan to destroy the maratha power. After two months of fighting Shivaji sued for peace. The treaty of purandhar was signed on June 24, 1665.
10. Shivaji visited Agra in 1666 with his son Sambhaji. He was humiliated there and after his refusal to attend the court was put under house-arrest. On August 29, 1666, he and his son escaped by concealing themselves in the basket of sweets.
11. He was coroneted with greated pomp and show at Raigarh on June 16, 1674. He assumed the title of Maharaja Chatrapati.
12. He died in 1680 at the age of 53.
13. The Marathas collected chauth or one fourth of land revenue. The sardeshmukhi or one-tenth of the standard land revenue was imposed on the entire population of the village or town in token of their recognition of the Maratha King as their sardeskumhi or suzerain.
14. Shivaji was helped by 8 ministers or Asta Pradhan.
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